Alston, Charles
Angelico, Beato
Arp, Jean (Hans)
Avercamp, Hendrik
Bakst, Leon
Bannister, Edward
Bazille, Jean Frederic
Bearden, Romare
Beaux, Cecilia
Beckmann, Max
Bellows, George
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Bingham, George Caleb
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Bouguereau, Adolphe William
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Brauner, Victor
Bricher, Alfred Thompson
Bronzino, Agnolo
Brouwer, Adriaen
Brueghel the Elder, Pieter
Buffet, Bernard
Calder, Alexander
Canaletto
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Carqueville, William
Cassatt, Mary
Cezanne, Paul
Chagall, Marc
Chambers, Thomas
Chardin, JBS
Chase, William Merritt
Cheret, Jules
Chicago, Judy
Clouet, Jean
Cochran, Anna
Cole, Thomas
Constable, John
Corinth, Lovis
Cornoyer, Paul
Corot, Jean-Baptiste Camille
Courbet, Gustave
Cranach (the Elder), Lucas
Crite, Allan
Currier and Ives
Cuyp, Aelbert
da Vinci, Leonardo
Dali, Salvador
Daumier, Honore
David, Jacques-Louis
Davis, Stuart
de Chirico, Giorgio
de Goya, Francisco Jose
de Hooch, Pieter
de Vlaminck, Maurice
Degas, Edgar
Delacroix, Eugene
Delaroche, Paul
Delvaux, Paul
Demuth, Charles
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di Bondone, Giotto
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Duchamp, Marcel
Dufy, Raoul
Durer, Albrecht
Eakins, Thomas
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El Greco
Ensor, James
Ernst, Max
Evergood, Philip
Fantin-Latour, Henri
Feininger, Lyonel
Foujita, Tsuguharu
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Frankenthaler, Helen
Friedrich, Caspar David
Frieseke, Frederick Carl
Friesz, Othon
Fuseli, John Henry
Gainsborough, Thomas
Gasser, Henry
Gauguin, Paul
Gentileschi, Orazio
Gericault, Theodore
Ghirlandaio, Domenico
Giacometti, Alberto
Giorgione, Giorgio
Glackens, William
Gorky, Arshile
Gottlieb, Adolph
Gottlob, Fernand
Gris, Juan
Grunewald, Matthias
Guys, Constantin
Hals, Frans
Hansen, H.W.
Harnett, William Michael
Hartley, Marsden
Hassam, Childe
Hayes, George
Henry, Edward Lamson
Hicks, Edward
Hilliard, Nicholas
Hobbema, Meindert
Hofmann, Hans
Hogarth, William
Hoitsu, Sakai
Holbein(the younger), Hans
Holder, Geoffrey
Homer, Winslow
Hopper, Edward
Hui-tsung, Emperor
Hunt, William Holman
Indiana, Robert
Ingres
Inness, George
Ino, Pierre
Johns, Jasper
Johnson, Frank Tenney
Johnson, William
Kahlo, Frida
Kandinsky, Wassily
Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig
Kisling, Moise
Kiyonaga, Torii
Klee, Paul
Klimt, Gustav
Kokoschka, Oskar
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Kuhn, Walt
Kuniyoshi, Yasuo
Kyosai, Kawanabe
Lane, Fitz Hugh
Laurencin, Marie
Lawrence, Jacob
Lawrence, Sir Thomas
Lee-Smith, Hughie
Leger, Fernand
Leigh, William Robinson
Leyster, Judith
Lichtenstein, Roy
Liebermann, Max
Lindner, Richard
Lippi, Fra Fillipo
Lorrain, Claude
Louis, Morris
Luini, Bernardino
Macke, Auguste
Maes, Nicolaes
Magritte, Rene
Maillol, Aristide
Manet, Edouard
Marc, Franz
Marini, Marino
Marquet, Albert
Martin, Henri-Jean Guillaume
Masaccio
Matisse, Henri
Michelangelo - Buonarotti, Michelangelo
Millet, Jean-Francois
Miro, Joan
Modigliani, Amedeo
Mondrian, Piet
Monet, Claude
Moore, Henry
Moore, Martha
Moreau, Gustave
Morisot, Berthe
Moskowitz, Ira
Motherwell, Robert
Motley, Archibald John Jr
Mucha, Alphonse Marie
Munch, Edvard
O'Keeffe, georgia
Picasso, Pablo
Pissarro, Camille
Pollock, Jackson
Poussin, Nicolas
Raffaelo - Sanzio, Raphael
Rauschenberg, Robert
Redoute, Pierre-Joseph
Remington, Frederic
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste
Reynolds, Sir Joshua
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel
Rouault, Georges
Rubens, Peter Paul
Seurat, Georges
Sisley, Alfred
Steinlen, Theophile Alexandre
Tamayo, Rufino
Tang, Li
Tanguy, Yves
Tiepolo, Giovanni Domenica
Tintoretto, Jacopo Robusti
Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri
Turner, Joseph Mallord William
Ucello, Paolo
van Beyeren, Abraham
van Dyck, Sir Anthony
van Gogh, Vincent
van Huysum, Jan
van Rijin, Rembrant
Velazquez, Diego
Vermeer, Johannes Jan
von Jawlensky, Alexej
Vuillard, Edouard
Watteau, Jean-Antoine
Whistler, James Abbott Macneill
Williams, Walter
Wood, Grant
Woodruff, Hale
Woodville, Richard
Wyeth, Andrew
Wyeth, Newell Convers
Yokoyama, Taikan
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Birth Year : 1723
Death Year : 1793
Country : United Kingdom
Sir Joshua Reynolds was born in Devonshire, the son of a Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. His father apprenticed him to a portrait painter, and by the time he was twenty Reynolds was painting portraits in Plymouth Dock. Reynolds spent the years 1749 to 1752 in Italy, studying the Italian masters and earning a living by painting portraits of English visitors. He returned to London via Paris and settled there where his success was soon remarkable. Reynolds was extremely ambitious personally and sought social advancement by currying the favor of his noble and wealthy sitters. He was eminently successful in his advancement, and when the Royal Academy was founded in 1768 he became its first president and was knighted by George III. The collection of speeches he gave at the Academy's annual banquets, later published as Discourses, is an important statement of eighteenth-century art, based on seventeenth-century precepts. The Discourses indicate that Reynolds believed in set rules of taste, in the importance of authority, and in the necessity for an artist to study the recognized masterpieces of art during his formative years. At the same time, the speeches constantly urge the selection of dignified and high-minded subjects, so that artists might see their works accorded the reception they deserved and the artists themselves might be admitted to the social level of writers and poets. While he was thus struggling with social snobbery, the demands of the age in which he lived forced Reynolds to devote himself principally to painting portraits of the rich, the influential, and the famous. His efforts at highmindedness show in touches of allegory, in psychological comprehension that goes beyond the moment of painting the sitter and in his efforts to indicate constant human values. His works, influenced by the Venetian and Flemish Baroque painters, are harmoniously composed often strikingly lit, completely unified as to idea, and never sentimental or merely pretty. His efforts to raise the standing of art and artists were rewarded by an honorary doctoral degree from Oxford University, while his teaching of the importance of historical painting greatly influenced Benjamin West, one of the early Neoclassicists.
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